What 5 Things Should You Consider Before Buying A Dog?
When we're considering buying a new dog it's important to take into account both what sort of dog would be right for us, and what kind of dog we as owners would suit. This can be difficult, especially when we're faced with a very cute puppy or dog, but the wrong decision now could cause lots of problems later on.
The first major consideration is how much we can afford to spend. This is especially true if we're buying a purebred dog, the prices for which will vary wildly.
The second factor that we must consider is the amount of exercise that our dog will require. While you may have always liked the look of Huskies, are you able to give them the level of regular exercise that they need. When considering such factors, an understanding of the history of the breed concerned will be helpful.
The majority of what we'd normally consider working dogs were bred so that they could carry out their duties for a long period of time. It's therefore no surprise that breeds such as Collies require a lot of physical exercise. They also benefit from being given mental stimulation to match the level that would be required to herd livestock for long periods of the day. Here it pays to be honest with yourself. Are you prepared to commit to exercising your dog the amount it needs, throughout the year, come rain or shine?
Is your house, garden or yard big enough for the dog of your dreams?
Again, this may seem obvious, but you only have to see the news reports on city apartment owners who think its fine to live with six foot crocodiles to realise that everyone doesn't always think things through. Be realistic with your own situation, and adapt your choice of dog accordingly.
Daily Care Of Your Dog
All dogs require an investment of your time and effort. Some dog breeds will however be more demanding than others. If for instance you've always dreamed of owning an Afghan Hound or a similarly long haired breed, are you prepared to spend the hours per week grooming your dog that will be required?
Running Costs
The first obvious running cost for your dog will be its food. I'm sure you'll realise that the weekly cost of feeding a small breed dog such as a Chihuahua will be a lot less than say a German Shepherd dog. Make sure however that you budget for other costs such as vet bills, equipment such as collars, toys, dog crates etc when buying a new dog. No-one wants to have to give up their loved family pet because they can no longer afford to keep it.
To summarise, before choosing your dog make sure that you take into account:
1) The cost of your new dog, especially if you're determined to buy a purebred dog.
2) Is your home, garden or yard fit for your dog?
3) How much exercise will your dog need 365 days of the year?
4) Are you prepared to spend time and effort each day looking after and training your dog?
5) Check your bank balance - can you afford the weekly costs in keeping your dog in the manner that he or she deserves?
As long as you understand and consider these factors you'll be able to approach buying your new dog with a more realistic understanding of the costs in terms of money, time and effort that looking after your new family member will involve.
After that you can get on with the fun of building a great relationship with your dog and enjoying all the benefits that come from responsible dog ownership.
About the Author
Bob James believes that as dog owners it's essential for us to educate ourselves so that we can build the best possible relationship with our dogs.
If you want to enjoy life more with your dog visit
This ribbon can be used as a trim on clothing, linens, purses, tote bags, dog collars and in a variety of crafts. Contact us for larger amounts. We do our best to show true colors in our pictures. But monitor colors can vary, so the color shades may vary a little on different monitors....
This gorgeous Afghan Hound Dog- Collectible Statue Figurine Figure Sculpture Puppy has the finest details and highest quality you will find anywhere! Our team prides ourselves on finding the best prices without reducing quality, and in this Dog Figurine Collection, we have definitely done just that! The craftsmanship of this lovely Afghan Hound Dog- Collectible Statue Figurine Figure Sculpture Pup...
Dignity, beauty and grace describe the Afghan Hound, a native sighthound of Afghanistan, whose near-human expression, intelligence and intensity have fascinated mankind for centuries. This wholly remarkable dog is graced with elegance, yet designed for hunting in the desert; marked with characteristic aloofness, yet affectionate with his own people; and blessed with a free spirit and independent thought, yet trainable and obedient. The Afghan Hound today has evolved into a fashionable home companion and a flashy, superlative show dog. Trace the origins of our modern Afghan Hound from the deserts of Asia to homes and show rings in North America; the history chapter includes a special section about the breeds development in the US, written by Afghan expert Betty Stites. The author discusses the breeds characteristics and standard as well as puppy selection and care, house-training and obedience. A thorough chapter on everyday care details the grooming, exercise and conditioning of this long-coated wonder hound. Owners can rely on a thoroughly up-to-date chapter on healthcare written by Dr. Lowell Ackerman, one of the countrys most respected veterinarians and canine authors. Illustrated with over 135 color photographs, this Special Limited Edition promises to be a reliable and informative volume for all Afghan Hound owners.
This product is exclusive to the Discovery Channel Store. Adorn your walls with man's best friend! This Animal Planet Afghan Hound poster will be sure to inspire and liven up any room! Poster measures 23"x34".The most brilliant colorsUV-resistant archival inks
Dignity, beauty and grace describe the Afghan Hound, a native sighthound of Afghanistan, whose near-human expression, intelligence and intensity have fascinated mankind for centuries. This wholly remarkable dog is graced with elegance, yet designed for hunting in the desert; marked with characteristic aloofness, yet affectionate with his own people; and blessed with a free spirit and independent thought, yet trainable and obedient. The Afghan Hound today has evolved into a fashionable home companion and a flashy, superlative show dog. Trace the origins of our modern Afghan Hound from the deserts of Asia to homes and show rings in North America; the history chapter includes a special section about the breeds development in the US, written by Afghan expert Betty Stites. The author discusses the breeds characteristics and standard as well as puppy selection and care, house-training and obedience. A thorough chapter on everyday care details the grooming, exercise and conditioning of this long-coated wonder hound. Owners can rely on a thoroughly up-to-date chapter on healthcare written by Dr. Lowell Ackerman, one of the countrys most respected veterinarians and canine authors. Illustrated with over 135 color photographs, this Special Limited Edition promises to be a reliable and informative volume for all Afghan Hound owners.
Electric Dog Fence: The Key to Keeping Your Beautiful Garden Safe
There should be no reason for you to be torn over giving your dog free reign over your yard and protecting your beautiful garden where you have planted your prized roses and gardenias, where you have invested your sweat , time & money. This is because there is something that you can do to protect one and give a modicum of freedom to the other. Yes, it is possible for your dog and your garden to coexist wonderfully on the same yard and this is through setting up a proper electric dog fence around your garden.
With this fence, you will be able to let your dog roam freely on the parts of your yard where it can't trample on your garden and dig around some. In this way, you may still get the chance to win that blue ribbon for your roses during the next garden competition.
Types of Electric Dog Fence
1. The Radio Electric Dog Fence. If you have made up your mind about protecting your garden from your dog, then you should buy that radio electric dog fence now. This invisible electric fence works with a receiver that is contained in a radio dog collar. You will be able to protect your garden by setting up this special dog fence around it. So when your dog decides to saunter over to your garden, perhaps to view what's beneath your flowerbeds, he will receive a mild corrective static that will prompt him to stay away.
You will also know if your dog is getting near your garden because you will hear a warning note before your dog gets the corrective static. As such, you must make sure to have the radio collar that comes along with the electric dog fence around your dog's neck at all times, especially when he is out roaming the yard. With this, you can preserve the beauty of your garden and your flowers.
2. The Ping-String Electric Dog Fence. Now, if you think that there is only one type of electric dog fence which will keep your dog away from your garden and your flowers, then you are mistaken. This is because there is actually an electric dog fence that could keep other dogs away as well. After all, there is no sense in protecting your garden from being ravaged by your dog when it can be just easily destroyed by other animals in your neighborhood.
So if you are interested in the electric dog fence that keeps both your dog and other animals away from your prized garden, then you are looking for the "ping-string" variety of the invisible electric fences available in the market.
If you are still trying to decide on which type of electric dog fence you want to get, try browsing what's available on Pet Depot Online. Here, you will be apprised of the features of the invisible electric fences that could meet your needs and you could avail of them at affordable prices as well.
About the Author
Use electric dog fence
& keep your dog and other animals away from your prized garden available only at http://www.petdepotonline.com/
Whats wrong with invisible fences?
Rescues seem to get monomaniacal about me having an invisible fence. Its great for training and my dog no longer even has to wear the receiver. Our fence has some popped off boards, its our fence but our neighbor behind us claims that its hers and will not let us get a new one. So the invisible fence is great.
Why are rescues so stupid about us having one? What is wrong with it?
I imagine they're concerned that:
(a) maybe you would be using a shock-collar with it, which most people (me included) consider totally inhumane. I know they're not the only type, though, and you may be using the more acceptable citronella or compressed air type?
and (b) that the dog would not be safely and securely fenced in, in the event of something scaring it enough to pass through the boundary, or if the collar battery was to fail, or if there was a power-cut that meant that the transmitted no longer worked.
Extra receiver for PetSafe Wireless Fence, Item# 35901. Receiver has three correction levels plus a beep only mode, run-through protection, and low battery indicator. Uses battery module, Item# 35484 (Manufacturers battery model # RFA-67D-11)....
ZND-1200 Designed by professionals to instantly keep your dog away from problem areas in your home - no training necessary. Unlike other deterrents or zones. Features: -Waterproof collar receiver. -Black Nylon Collar with brown receiver housing. -A/B/AB Mode switch, for multiple dog settings now located inside transmitter battery cover....
PetSafe Radio Fence Extra Collar for use with the PetSafe Radio Fence Pet Containment System. For a second dog. Order ONLINE right now! AVAILABLE SEPARATELY: PetSafe Radio Fence Pet Containment System - word search in our Store for 'PetSafe System'. PetSafe Radio Fence Extra Collar...
The PIG00-10680 (4-stimulation levels) Extra Collar Receiver is designed for medium to large sized dogs. You can put as many dogs as you like on one system as long as they are each wearing a receiver collar....
Extra receiver for use with the Dogtra Deluxe Remote Release System. Programmable receiver can be used with any Dogtra DELUXE Remote Release System (will not work with earlier versions of Dogtra Remote Release)....
PetSafe Stubborn Dog In-Ground Radio Fence System is safe and effective for all hard to train pets. The system works by delivering mild static correction through two contact pionts that touch your pet's nec. If your pet crosses the established barrier, a correction will be sent to get your pet's attention, but will not harm him. The adjustable collar allows you to creat a perfect fit for your pet. Plus, there are two sets of Contact Points to choose from depending on the length of your pet's coat. PetSafe Stubborn Dog In-Ground Radio Fence System also features a tone plus vibration only mode for effective pet training. Pick up a dog fense and keep your pet safe. System includes Transmitter with Poser Adapter Receiver with adjustable collar Step-by-step installation and training DVD Operating and training guide 9 volt battery 500 feet of wire and 50 training flags Test light tool Receiver designed for stubborn or hard to train pets Covers up to 10 acres with additional wire and flags Low battery indicator Tone plus vibration only mode for training Operating and Training guide Lifetime limited warranty Click here to download operating and training guide in pdf format.
729849100824PETSAFE WIRELESS CONTAIN SYSTMWith this innovative, portable system, there are no wires to bury. Just plug the transmitter into an electrical outlet close to the area where you want to contain your pet. The transmitter communicates with your dog's receiver collar and helps keep him in the area you've designated for him. The system is portable, so you can bring it along with you! An unlimited number of pets can be added to the system as long as they wear a PIF-275 Receiver Collar.Covers an adjustable circular area up ? acre (180 feet in diameter) 5 adjustable levels of correction, plus tone-only mode Includes ?run-through protection? - your pet will be reminded to return to the pet area Completely wireless/portable
PetSafe Extra Receiver Collars can be used to add another dog or as a replacement collar to the Wireless Fence Containment System. An unlimited number of pets can be added to PetSafe containment systems. All containment system recievers are waterproof. 5 adjustable of correction plus beep-only mode Low battery indicator
PetSafe UltraLight Receiver Collar can be used to add another dog or as a replacement collar to any PetSafe In-Ground Fence. The UltraLight Receiver includes battery, Test Light Tool, and Operating Guide. Safe and effective for pets over 8 lbs. *Not compatible with PetSafe UltraSmart In-Ground Fence Systems. Weighs only 2.5 ounces Waterproof Low Battery indicator Directions: Place Receiver Collar on your dog with the receiver hanging directly beneath your dog's neck. Adjust the collar securely so that the Contact Points touch the skin of your dog's neck. Make sure the collar is not so tight as to cause discomfort. When the collar is properly adjusted, you should be able to place one finger between a Contact Point and the dog's skin. Attention: For comfort, safety and effectiveness of this product, please ensure that you check the fit of your pet's collar frequently. The Guide for this product describes proper collar fitting. If any skin irritation is observed, discontinue the use of the collar for a few days. If the condition persists beyond 48 hours, see your veterinarian.
Comfort-Fit Deluxe Little Dog Extra Receiver Collar is for use only with PetSafe In-Ground Fences. An unlimited number of pets can be added to the system as long as they are wearing a PetSafe In-Ground Fence Receiver Collar. Comfort-Fit Deluxe Little Dog Extra Receiver Collar is the perfect accessory for pet training. Our smallest waterproof receiver collar Receiver correction 4 levels plus tone only QuickFit™ buckle provides quick release and perfect fit every time Flexible collar Low Battery Indicator Lifetime Limited Warranty Adjustable collar for neck sizes 6" to 26" Click here to download operating and training guide in pdf format.
PetSafe In-Ground Radio Fence is safe and effective for all pets over 8 lbs. It's great for training pets to respect boundaries. PetSafe In-Ground Radio Fence works by delivering mild static correction through two Contact Points that touch your pet's neck. If your pet crosses the established barrier, a correction will be sent to get your pet's attention, but will not harm them. The adjustable collar allows you to create a perfect fit for your pet. Plus, there are two sets of contact points to choose from, depending on the length of your pet's coat. System Includes: Transmitter with power adapter UltraLight Receiver with Adjustable Collar Step-by-step installation and training video CD Operating and training guide Battery Included (RFA-67) 500 feet of wire and 50 training flags Only 4 steps to a contained pet! Will transmit up to 10 acres or 2,800 feet of wire Boundary Width is 20% Warning Zone and 80% Static Correction ZoneClick here to download operating and training guide in pdf format. You probably do not have the Flash Player installed for your browser or the video files are misplaced on the server!
PetSafe Super Receiver is made specifically for hard to train dogs. PetSafe Super Receiver is for use with Radio Fence Pet Containment System. 4 adjustable levels of correction plus beep-only mode with vibration Uses 9-volt alkaline battery (not included) Waterproof Lifetime Limited Warranty Adjustable stimulation levels Low battery light Click here to download operating and training guide in pdf format.
Things to Remember While Grooming Your Golden Retriever
Grooming your Golden Retriever can be a cumbersome task. Not only that, it is also a continuous process. Happy are those who can hire a service to groom their dog.
However, more often than not, most people have to do it themselves. Here are some ways in which you can groom your Golden Retriever easily. You need to follow a cycle of grooming, and it is advised that this cycle is repeated once or twice a week.
Remember, you can not slack off on your duty as a dog owner. You need to have a regular routine to groom your dog. The process should not take you more than a half hour at a time.
You can start with brushing your Golden Retriever to make sure that you reduce his shedding. This is important as they are a double coated breed of dogs. The double coat protects and insulates them throughout the year. During winter, the undercoat protects them, but they begin to shed it during warmer months. Hence, you will often notice a lot of fur being shed at this time.
Regular brushing will take care of this problem a lot, especially if done with a quality bristle brush and an undercoat rake. It is most likely that your dog will love it as well, and love you for it. Most Goldens love the feel of a good brush and will often sit idle happily while you brush them. Remember to brush in one direction - downwards - and try to do it gently so as to not pull out any hair in the process.
Regular baths are a must, especially in warm weather conditions. You can give your Golden Retriever a wash as many times as you like, as it will not damage the skin. Just make sure you use a shampoo of good quality. You may have a little problem getting your Golden Retriever to sit still if your dog does not like taking baths. After a nice bath, it is time for a nail inspection.
Long nails should be clipped regularly as they can cause irritation to the dog, and a lot of grief to anyone who steps on them. Trimming the nails ensures that shape of your dogs foot is intact, and there is no splaying. If you're lucky, you will see the nails clearly.
Use a good pair of nail clippers, but try not to cut too closely. Keep some styptic powder close at hand in case you cut too close by accident. If you see any blood, use it immediately. This will help in stopping the bleeding fast. Try and make this a weekly exercise.
Whatever you do, while grooming your Golden retriever never shave it. Remember, as we mentioned earlier, the double coat of the golden retriever protects it in all kinds of weather. Groom only the tail, feet, and in and around the ears. You can trim back around the pads with an ordinary pair of grooming shears so that it is even with the pads. If you look after you dog properly, he will be clean and tidy, and look good.
What are the best professional dog grooming clippers?
I am looking to buy a real pair of clippers for doing my dogs and to possibly get into professional grooming as well.
Experienced groomers, what are the best kind of clippers and any other tools (scissors, thinning shears, brushes, etc ) do you use and recommend on a daily basis.
I have bought some from Petsmart for like 60 bucks and then after 5-6 haircuts they are junk! Also they heat up and make lines in the dog's coat.
Advice is appreciated!
Osters, Wahls and Andis are the best brands out there. A variety of blades of different lengths. A good pair of 8 1/2" straight shears, a pair of fine thinning shears, and possibly a pair of curved shears are good for a beginning groomer. A variety of slicker brushes, rakes, combs of different sizes, Mar coat king, furminator, and a good quality pair of nail trimmers can make up the rest of your kit. The thing that you need most is the knowledge of using this equipment in an efficient and humane manner.
HOW I WAX AND FILL IN MY EYEBROWS Eyebrow Shaping and Grooming Tutorial COMO DEPILAR LAS CEJAS
7 1/2" Ice Tempered Shears for Hair Stylists & Barbers. This is a new pair of shears. Great for hair stylists and barbers. These are made of ice tempered stainless steel. Ice tempered steel holds an edge longer than regular stainless steel. Has a thumb rest for your convenience. They measure approximately 7 1/2" (189 mm) long We work hard to update our descriptions and pictures of our merchandise....
6 1/2" Ice Tempered Shears for Hair Stylists & Barbers. This is a new pair of shears. Great for hair stylists and barbers. These are made of ice tempered stainless steel. Ice tempered steel holds an edge longer than regular stainless steel. Has a thumb rest for your convenience. They measure approximately 6 1/2" (165 mm) long We work hard to update our descriptions and pictures of our merchandise....
We are so excited to offer our new line of Professional Grooming Shears from Ed Geib!
Handcrafted Geib Shears set an industry standard for excellence. Each shear is finished by hand, inspected by a Master Craftsman and tested before it ships! You get a Super Quality Blender that is unsurpassed in balance, weight and feel. And each awesome shear comes with Ed Geib's personal Lifetime Warranty.
Attention to engineering details reduces hand fatigue with an ergonomically balanced, light weight sheer. Tiny impact absorber that cushions cutting action to further reduce hand fatigue. Adjustable tension allows customized action for every user....
Beautiful German made 5.5 Shear with Adjustable Screw and Removable fingerrings and fingerrest. Razor sharp blades for easy cutting. Off-Set Handles for easy use....
5 1/2" Single Thinning Shear with adjustable screw and removable finger rest. This 28 tooth thinning shear was designed for comfort and durability. Comes in attractive case....
Kretzer's 5.5 Inch Texturizer is made of ice tempered stainless steel. The high quality, long lasting shears have 27 teeth. Made in Solingen, Germany....
Perfect for thinning and helps reduce potential matting. Gives "natural look" to mane and tail. "V" notched teeth hold hair for recutting. Buffered stop prevents pinching. Adjustable tension. 7" length with stainless steel blades....
Corona FS4350 Forged Thinning Shear Corona FS4350 Forged Thinning Shear Features: • Forged steel alloy construction • Scissor cutting action • Suitable for right and left hand use • Resharpenable, straight, narrow blades for tight spaces • Cushioned non-slip grips " Corona FS4350 Forged Thinning Shear Specifications: • Drop forged • A sturdy shear with straight blades • Splendid for picking flowers, light thinning of fruit or flowers, or shrubbery • Utility shear for rough household use • Molded vinyl easy-grip handles • 7-3/4" blade
Four Paws Thinning Shears are extremely effective for maintenance grooming and are a necessity for specialty styling. Our Shears are excellent in removing mats and tangle. 6 ½"(16.5cm)6 1/2"
Driving school instructors hear the question all the time; isn’t it dangerous for a pregnant woman to wear a seat belt? The feeling is that the belt itself, being so tight and close to the unborn baby, could cause more harm than not wearing a seat belt at all. The answer is that, no matter what, wearing a seat belt is always the safest possible thing a mother can do. Both the (AAFP) and the American Academy of Family PhysiciansNational Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA) agree that pregnant women should always wear seat belts.
To fully answer the question, one has to consider the alternative to wearing a seat belt. It’s a simple matter of physics. In a crash, the unbelted occupants of a car will continue to travel at the speed the car was traveling at the point of impact. Even in a low speed crash, the bodies traveling forward and striking objects in front can do a tremendous amount of damage. A small woman who weighs 130 pounds, with the combined weight of her developing baby, striking the steering wheel or dashboard at 25 mph will experience a crash force of almost 3,000 pounds. That is going to do far more damage to your unborn baby than the seat belt.
Future mothers should also consider the possibility that, if unbelted, they could be ejected from the vehicle; striking the roadway with a tremendous amount of force and then, face the possibility of being struck by another vehicle. No matter how bad the crash, vehicle occupants are always better off restrained within the vehicle.
FamilyDoctor.org, the official website of the AAFP, offers the following advice:
How should I wear my seat belt?
The seat belt should be a 3-point restraint. That means it should have a lap strap and a shoulder strap. Lap and shoulder belts keep you from being thrown from the car during an accident. The shoulder strap also keeps the pressure of your body off of the baby after a crash.
Be sure to wear your seat belt correctly. The lap strap should go under your belly, across your hips and as high as possible on your thighs. The shoulder strap should go between your breasts and off to the side of your belly. Seat belt straps should never go directly across your stomach. The seat belt should fit snugly. If possible, adjust the height of the shoulder strap so that it fits you correctly.
What about air bags?
Most experts agree that air bags are safe and can protect pregnant women from head injury. The air bags in your car should not be turned off when you are pregnant. To be safe, you should move the seat back as far as possible and tilt the seat to get some distance between your belly and the steering wheel or dashboard.
Air bags are not a substitute for a seat belt, so always wear your seat belt even if your car has air bags.
Where should I sit if I'm a passenger?
Where a mother sits has not been shown to affect the safety of an unborn baby in a crash. However, if you are not driving, you should sit in the back seat. Injuries from car crashes tend to be less serious in people who are sitting in the back seat. It is still important to wear a seat belt.
What should I do if I am in a car crash?
You should get treatment right away, even if you think you are not hurt. Most injuries to the baby happen within a few hours after a crash. Your doctor needs to check you and your baby as soon as possible after a crash, especially if you are more than 6 months pregnant.
Dave Herron works for the National Safety Commission as a driver safety educator and trainer. He contributes to the weekly Driver Safety Alerts and develops driver safety courses for www.lowestpricetrafficschool.com.
Baby Car Seat Belt Left in Rental Car?
I own a car seat that straps into the car by an unattached lap belt with clips on both ends. I recently rented a car and forgot to detach it from both ends. I left it in the rental car and got on a plane and flew away. Does anyone know where I can buy a similar seatbelt as a replacement? /s/ Dad in trouble with Mom
You could try the rental company, but its possible they will have already misplaced or trashed it. To get another one, contact the car seat manufacturer. Most of the time you can order one straight of the manufacturer website. So for a Graco car seat, go to Graco website, it will ask you for the model number and date of manufacture on the seat (look on the labels on the seat) and then pull up available replacement parts. It shoudl also have a replacement part phone number you can order parts from.
In the meantime - just install with the seatbelt. Its just as safe as LATCH.
Make your seatbelt more comfortable with the CommuteMate Seat Belt Shoulder Strap Adjuster. This pair of small clips attach where the waist and shoulder straps meet to reposition the shoulder strap away from the neck. Any over-the-shoulder safety belt can be adjusted with the CommuteMate Seat Belt Shoulder Strap Adjuster....
The most convenient and innovative automotive pet tether available! Attaches to any vehicle with just a "push-n-click" Adapts to all vehicles with Retro-Connect Adapter Releases with the push of a button Uses patented SafeGuard Mini Connector for greater strength, safety, and convenience Features strong 1" web with adjustable slide Regular Size...
The Deluxe Booster Seat provides an unobstructed view for pets. Installs more securely with adjustable straps to work on seats with or without head rests, as well as in the back seat. Adjustable restraint leash. Upscale fabric with removable washable padded liner. Zippered storage pocket in front. Extra padding in seat bottom. Metal braces provide secure support - no clumsy straps to get in the wa...
Party's Over is a fun melodramatic fright video about the importance of seat belts, made in the 1970s. When a group of friends get together for a wild party, everyone is having a good time and not worrying about boring things like "safety." The more important topics at hand are 1970's fashion. One hipster flips on the television to see a commercial, which equates telling someone to buckle up with ...
Great gift item. Effective support for your abdomen. Eases back pain during pregnancy. Adjustable hook and eye closures won't snag expensive lingerie, unlike "sticky type" closures. Supports umbilical hernia. Can be positioned higher or lower for maximum support, or placed for the support of an umbilical hernia....
The Easy Reach Seat Belt Handle extender (set of 2) reduces the strain of pulling the seat belt into place. The neutral colored seat belt handles attach to either the driver side or passenger side of the vehicle. There is no permanent installation. Take them along on your next trip when you rent a car.
Product Info
Size: Handle is 9.5" long x 2.5" wide
Color: Neutral only only
Other: Instructions...
Our genuine sheepskin seatbelt cover eliminates the irritation of safety straps. Slips over the shoulder harness or seatbelt and secures with Velcro. Get one for your golf bag, camera bag and luggage too. 100% pure non shedding sheepskin with Leather skin on one side with wool fur on the other. Stylish, soft and comfortable. Rare to find at stores! Add the luxury of sheepskin to your car. It's the...
Adds An Extra 12" To Length! A too-snug seat belt can be unsafe as well as uncomfortable. Universal extender lengthens any car seat belt by a full 12", while shoulder restraint remains intact. Meets federal motor vehicle standards. Hardware and instructions included. Select black or gray.
Seat belt extender keeps you comfortable and safe. Extender easily fits virtually any car, truck or van and adjusts to add 12'' of overall length. Lengthens seat belt without affecting the integrity of the shoulder restraints. Nylon webbing, 13 x 1 3/4''.
Seat belt extender keeps you comfortable and safe. Extender easily fits virtually any car, truck or van and adjusts to add 12'' of overall length. Lengthens seat belt without affecting the integrity of the shoulder restraints. Nylon webbing, 13 x 1 3/4''.
For a secure car ride, this seat belt adjuster comfortably centers your car's seat belt on your child's shoulder. Features: Safety crash tested Adjusts for a perfect fit Designed for children over 50 lbs (22.7 kg)
Sunshine Kids - Car Seat Accessories - Tighten any car seat in seconds. Fit Mighty-Tite onto any seat belt, lift the ratcheted handle a few times and easily remove unwanted slack for a tight car seat fit. Manufactured to the highest standards Extensively crash tested Recognized around the world for its outstanding design and performance.
Cosco - Car Seats - Since 1935, Cosco has been a leading juvenile products brand recognized for its dedication to safety and value. Check out the Pronto! belt-positioning booster car seat by Cosco Juvenile. Designed for children who weigh 30-100 pounds and are 34 to 57 inches tall, this car seat features an adjustable headrest that fits your growing child, a convenient, slide-out cup and snack holder. The Pronto! also converts easily into a backless booster car seat! Forward-facing booster for children 30-100 pounds and 34- 57 inches tall Adjustable headrest Slide-out cup and snack holder Easily converts to a backless booster Meets or exceeds Federal Safety Standards
Snails' species are associated with transmission schistosomiasia and fascioliasis, and other parasitic disease as intermediate host. Biological control alone as a part of integrated snail management stands to be a better alternative to the chemical controls aimed against snails. The search of herbal preparations that do not produce any adverse effects in the non- target organisms and are easily biodegradable remains a top research issue for scientists associated with alternative molluscicides control.
Method
Solvent extracts of fresh mature leaves of S.nigrum, S. villosum, and S. sinaicum were tested against Biomphalaria alexandrina, a common intermediate host of schistosoma mansoni. A phytochemical analysis of chloroform: ethanol extract was performed to search for active toxic ingredient. The lethal concentration was determined
Objective of the study
The present study was designed to screen the toxic effect of snail molluscicidal activity extract isolated from matured leaves of Solanum negrum,Solanum sinaicum, and Solanum villosum against Biomphlaria Alexandrina snails, which are an intermediate host of parasites causing human schistosomiasis.
Results
Extracts isolated from mature leaves of Solanum species were found to be having molluscicidal properties. S. nigrum extract was recorded as the highest mortality rate. When the mortality of different solvent extracts was compared, the maximum (p<0.05) mortality was recorded at a concentration of 90 ppm of ethanol extract of S. nigrum.
Conclusion
Extract of mature leaves of S. nigrum exhibited molluscicidal activity followed by S. sinaicum and the less one was S. villosum. The study provides considerable scope in exploiting local indigenous resources for snails' molluscicidal agents
Background
The snails have the potential and lethal capacity to harm more than million victims a year around the world. Exploitation of the snail host is effectively accomplished by dramatic and dynamic changes in host survival, behaviour, defence immune function, nutrition, metabolism and reproduction [1]. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects 200 million people in different countries; and frequently referred to as the second most important parasitic disease after malaria among the infectious diseases of tropical and subtropical countries, and the third most prevalent parasitic disease in the world in terms of overall morbidity burden, socio- economic and public health importance and human impact. Use of molluscicides to eradicate the snail vector is considered the method of choice to eliminate schistosomiasis [2]. Several different strategies have been used to control snail populations. Although praziquantel is available and generally very effective, the treatment is expensive and not always successful. [3,4]. In poor countries where schist soma is common, biological control of the snails that serves as intermediate host for schist soma and Fasciola, appears feasible and cost effective. Control of the intermediate host disrupts the life cycle of the parasite, stopping the transmission of infection. Synthetic organic molluscicides have been widely used for the effective control of harmful snails [5]. Today, it has been realized that these molluscicides are toxic to non- target animals and have a long –term detrimental effect on the aquatic environment [3, 6]. Medicinal plants represent the oldest and most wide spread form of medication known to man, and have become the focus of attention since they are less expensive and less hazardous to the environment than their synthetic counterparts [3]. For many centuries people have been trying to alleviate and treat diseases with different plant extracts and formulations [2]. The cost and toxicity of synthetic molluscicides, used in the intermediate snail hosts of snail- borne diseases, resulted in renewing the interest in plant molluscicides [5, 6].
Tropical plants have a long history of use in traditional medicine in many parts of the world, and to improve the efficacy of modern medical practice, researchers are increasingly turning their attention to folk medicine as a source of new drugs.
The leaves of many species of Solanum have molluscicidal properties and relatively little work has been carried out on this possibility and much more is necessary especially field trials. Before field trials are started, more laboratory testing is also necessary to determine the MLC50 values for different species and study toxicity to non- target organisms. The Species S. nigrum, known as, black night shade. Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines, with or without spines, leaves alternate or paired and frequently unequal in size. Flowers, white, green yellow, pink, or purple. Fruit a berry, usually fleshy but occasionally dry, usually many- seeded, the seeds often flattened. Egyptian S. nigrum extracts were very effective at controlling intermediate host of parasites causing human schistosomiasis and fascioliasis [7]
Solanum villosum is a common weed known as red- fruit night shade; this is Ayurvedic herb with multiple medicinal properties [8]. Solanum siniacum plants are isolated from high land of Tin (wilderness) desert of North Sinai, these mountains, besides being rather rich in plant diversity; include many interesting elements not known from Egyptian mainland, or even in other region of Sinai. The aim of this study was to screen for molluscicidal activity, of, Solanum species against adult Biomephlaria alexandrina snails and comparative study of the different degrees of toxicity of each species of genus Solanum.
Materials and Methods
Test snails
Species of intermediate snail host of intestinal schistosomiasis, Biomphalaria alexandrina were used in this study. Adult snails were collected from some irrigation canals in Giza and Dakahlia Governorate, The canals had not been previously treated with molluscicides. Uninfected snails, that is, those that did not show patent trematode infections, were maintained in the laboratory conditions for seven days before being used in our molluscicidal tests. Ten snails were then allocated to each of the groups and immersed in either untreated; dechlorinated tap water (control) or aqueous extract treated dechlorinated water. Preparations of the plant extracts and toxicity test protocols were adapted from those described by Brackenbury and Appleton in 1997[9, 10]
Plant material
The plants examined in this study were selected on the basis of ethnopharmacological information indicating their medical uses in schistosomiasis control in the endemic areas. The plant species were collected locally from their natural habitat. Leaves of the plants (Sollanum nigrumS. villosum, and S. sinaicum) were collected from Faiyoum, Giza, and Sinai during the four seasons from March 2008 to February 2009, and identified by a plant taxonomist.
The molluuscicidal activity against the snails was assessed to determine the toxicity and the degree of toxicity of leaves collected at various seasons.
Preparation and preservation of plant extracts:
One kilogram me(1kg) each of the air- dried plant leaves were ground into fine particles with a warring blender, and Soxhlet extracted twice, on each occasion with 2.5 litres of distilled water at room temperature for 24 hrs with shaking. The aqueous extracts were filtered through Whatman No 1 filter paper, then concentrated to dryness in vacuo under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator at 30 + 1oC and freeze-dried, finally yielding powdery, crude aqueous extract of the plant leaves.
Preparation of plant extracts in different solvent systems
The plant extracts were prepared using five solvents, namely petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform: methanol (1:1, v/v), acetone and absolute alcohol, applying one after another (extraction period 72 hour for each solvent a temperature was <40oC). The extracts were collected separately and the column of the Soxhlet apparatus was washed with 200 ml of water and 100 ml of a similar solvent as an eluent after each type of solvent extraction procedure. The eluted materials and each type of extract were concentrated in combination at 40oC to 100 ml of extract by evaporation in a rotary evaporator. Then each of the extracts was filtered, solvents were evaporated and the solid residues were weighed and then dissolved in a suitable amount of sterilized distilled water for the formulation of graded concentrations. The total yield of each extract from 25 g of leaves was as follows: petroleum ether extract, 1.26 g, benzene extract, 2.38 g, chloroform: methanol (1:1, v/v) extract, 4,33 g, acetone extract, 3.00 g; and absolute alcohol extract 2.36 g. From the crude extracts, stock solutions of concentration series in gram per litre of water (1000 mg/L) were freshly prepared in distilled water. Different test dilute solutions, ranging from 10 to 1000 mg/L, (i.e ppm) were prepared from the stock solutions, using deionized and dechlorinated water, to determine the LD50 and LD90 values.
Molluscicidal activity tests:
Molluscicidal evaluation of the plant extracts were performed according to WHO guidelines [11]. Groups of 10 uninfected snails were placed in glass tanks (containers) with some sand, snail food and 1000 ml of deionized and dechlorinated pond or tap water bubbled with atmospheric air. Tests were carried out at room temperature (26+ 1oC). In each set up, the snails were prevented from crawling out of the glass container by means of a fine stainless steel mesh placed above the water surface. The test snails were challenged with various doses of the plant extracts (10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,200,400,800,and 1000 mg/l{ppm}. After 24 hours of exposure to the plant extracts, the snails were transferred to fresh dechlorinated and deionized water and maintained there for another 24 hours. Death of the snails was determined and confirmed by the absence of heartbeat and lack of reaction to irritation of the foot with a blunt wooden probe to elicit typical withdrawal movements. Control solutions were also made with deionized and dechlorinated tap water. Control experiments were performed with deionised and dechlorinated water alone (negative control) or with niclosamide (Baylucide) (positive control). Moulliscicidal test with each plant extract dose was separately repeated three times. The snails were neither fed nor disturbed during the exposure and recovery periods. LD 50 and LD90 ( referring to the plant extract doses in ppm, that kill b 50% and 90% of the test snails respectively) were determined by the methods of [12] with 95% confidence limit. Plant extracts that causes no mortality at 1000 ppm were considered inactive and were not investigated further.
Results and discussion
In the present study, a species of solanum were screened for its moulluscicidal activity. Successive extracts of leaves were evaluated for their molluscisidal activity against B. alexandrina adult snails. The LC50, LC90 are listed for different extracts of Solanum species leaves (Table 2).
The present data revealed that ethanol extract of S. nigrum leaves showed the highest molluscicidal activity (LC90= 5.95 mg/l), followed by S. sinaicum (6.04mg/l) and S. villosum (8.95 mg/l). This similar to other data [13]. The richness of the flora in most areas of the world where snail transmitted diseases are endemic, probably suggests that many plants with molluscicidal properties remain to be discovered. Several promising plant molluscicides have been identified. Previous studies have shown that potency levels of plant samples vary significantly according to season and geographical location of the plants, such unpredictable trends in the potency of plant molluscicides militate, against their selection of control programme [14]. Over 100 species of Solanum are indigenous to Africa and several of these have been developed there ( Davidson ,1972)[15]. Several Solanum species of the family Solanaceae are widely used as leafy vegetables as source of fruits and medicine in different countries, In this study, S, nigrum, S. villosum, and S, sinaicum which in its features like S. nigrum were tested against B. alexandrina snail, the intermediate host of Schistosma mansoni. The present investigation showed the effect of exposure of the different concentration of the three species of Solanum against the snails, and the results were agree with some other results recorded by [7, 16, 17, and 8].
After exposure to the active plant extracts examined in the present study, the snails showed several behavioural responses, including the "distress syndrome" described for other planorbid species by [18, 19, 20, and 21] indicative of intoxication. Swelling of the tissues was not restricted to the tentacles, but involved the whole cephalopedal mass. According to [21], the inference from this observation is that the tissue of the cephalopedal mass had accumulated water, which caused haemorrhage at lethal concentration of the active plant extracts. Nevertheless the observation made in this study suggest that the toxic principles in the active plant extracts disturbed the permeability of the foot- sole surface epithelium by preventing its normal osmo-regulatory function [21]. The toxic effect of the sub lethal doses of the plant extracts were, however, reversible after exposure if the snails were moved to toxic extract – free water for a recovery period. This observation is in agreement with the findings of Herry and Aldrich (1963) [18], and Van Aardi and Coertze (1981) [20] for Bulnius tropicus and Biomphalaria after exposure to copper.
Conclusion
As in general, the results of solanum species extracts indicates that the three species share in possessing a molluscicidal activity against the snail B. alexandrina. In conclusion, it appears that the ethanol extract of Solanum species has a strong mollscicidal activity and it is most suitable for biological application which offers a simple, available locally, cheap and environmental safe molluscicidal agent of plant origin for controlling human schistosomiasis by killing the intermediate host snails.Alsothe use of plant molluscicides may not only eliminate the economic burden of importing expensive synthetic molluscicides, but could also stimulate growth of small-scale industries in developing countries. More emphasis must, however, be placed on agronomic and organization aspects, including community participation. If plant molluscicides are to be applied successfully in long – term and self- sustained snail control programmes
.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests
Author's contributions
GS conceived the idea, designed the experiments, train assistants for sample collection, interpreted the experimental results, and critical revision of the manuscript.
RZ carried out the laboratory bioassay experimentation and phytochemical analysis of the extract.
ES carried out the data analysis and assisted in the planning of the study
All authors contributed to manuscript preparation and approved the final manuscript.
Acknowledgments
We thank all the participants who shared their time for working on this study.
References
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Clark TE, Appleton C, and Drewes SE: A semi-quantitave approach to the selection of appropriate candidate plant molluscicides. A South African application. J Ethnopharmacol 1997, 56(1): 1-13.
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